Ibigo by’ingoboka bihora bihanganye n’ubucucike bw’abakozi benshi n’ubuke bw’abakozi, bigatuma habaho imikorere mibi kandi ihangayikishije abapolisi bashinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa. Ni ngombwa cyane ko gereza zifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo zitange umutekano mwinshi kandi zikomeze gutungana. Sisitemu yo gucunga imfunguzo z’ikoranabuhanga ni agashya kagaragaye ko gahindura ibintu. Iyi blog izasuzuma akamaro k’uburyo bwo kugenzura imfunguzo muri za gereza, irebe imiterere yazo n’inyungu zazo, kandi igaragaze akamaro k’uburyo bwo gucunga imfunguzo kugira ngo imfungwa zigire umutekano.
1. Tanga
Ibigo by’igorora ni ibikoresho bifunze. Inzugi za cellblock, amarembo y’umutekano, inzugi z’aho abakozi baherereye, inzugi zo gusohokera, n’aho ibiryo biri ku nzugi za cellblock byose bisaba imfunguzo. Nubwo inzugi nini zimwe zishobora gufungurwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga uhereye ku kigo cy’igenzura, sisitemu yo gusubiza inyuma mu gihe umuriro wabuze ni urufunguzo. Mu bigo bimwe na bimwe, ikoreshwa ry’imfunguzo rikubiyemo ubwoko bwa kera bw’icyuma n’ingufuri nshya za mudasobwa aho ikarita ya mudasobwa inyuzwa ku gikoresho gifungura umuryango. Imfunguzo kandi zirimo imfunguzo zo gupfuka amapingu n’imfunguzo zo ku minyururu, zishobora kuba ikintu cy’agaciro ku mfungwa iyo yibwe cyangwa yatakaye n’umukozi ushinzwe igorora. Gucunga imfunguzo ni ubushishozi busanzwe no kubazwa. Abashinzwe igorora ntibagomba kwemerera imfungwa kwinjira muri gereza, mu kigo cy’akazi, mu rukiko, cyangwa mu modoka, babigambiriye cyangwa batabizi. Kwemerera imfungwa gukoresha imfunguzo iyo ari yo yose y’umutekano, yaba yarabigambiriye cyangwa yabigizemo uruhare, bishobora kuba impamvu yo gufatirwa ibihano, kugeza no kwirukanwa. Uretse imfunguzo zo mu biro cyangwa mu rugo zikoreshwa n’umupolisi uri mu kigo, hari imfunguzo zihutirwa n’imfunguzo zibujijwe.
Abarinzi ntibasobanukiwe neza inshingano zabo, bigatuma badashobora kugenzura no kwita ku mfungwa. Urugero, muri za gereza nyinshi, abarinzi benshi bari barahaye imfungwa ububasha n'imirimo yabo mu buryo butandukanye. Imirimo y'ingenzi, nko kugenzura ingenzi, yagaragaye ko ahanini yari mu maboko y'imfungwa zatoranijwe.
Ucunga imfunguzo ute iyo umwe cyangwa benshi mu bashinzwe kugenzura imfunguzo batari hanze? Wibuke ko abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bashobora kudakora igenzura risanzwe ry’imfungwa nkuko byari biteganyijwe, basabwa kuzuza urutonde rw’imfunguzo rw’intoki. Wibuke ko abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bashobora kuba baramaze guhindura izindi nyandiko, nko kugenzura imfungwa bisanzwe, basabwa kuzuza urutonde rw’imfunguzo rw’intoki. Ese ufite icyizere cy’uko barangiza neza urutonde rw’imfunguzo?
Kugenzura nabi imikorere y'imfungwa, bitera impungenge ku mutekano w'imfungwa.
2. Gukenera kugenzura ingenzi muri za gereza
Umutekano ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi muri za gereza bitewe n'uko hari imfungwa ziteje akaga kandi zishobora gutoroka. Uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura imfunguzo bushingiye ku nyandiko n'uburyo bwo gukoresha impapuro, bushobora kwibasirwa n'abantu kandi bugakoreshwa mu buryo butemewe. Ibi bisaba uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo gucunga imfunguzo za gereza. Gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu yo gucunga imfunguzo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga biha abakozi bo mu kigo ngororamuco uburyo bwikora kandi bugezweho bwo gucunga imfunguzo, butuma habaho kugenzura no kugenzura neza.
3. Ibiranga n'inyungu zo kugenzura imfunguzo
Sisitemu zo gucunga imfunguzo z'ikoranabuhanga zitanga ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kongera umutekano wa gereza. Izi sisitemu zifite ubushobozi bwo kwemeza imfunguzo, zigatuma abakozi bemewe ari bo bonyine bashobora kuzigeraho. Byongeye kandi, zitanga uburyo bwo gukurikirana no kwandika amakuru yose, zigafata amakuru yose y’inzira y’imfunguzo kuva zitangiye gukoreshwa kugeza zigarutse. Amatangazo n’amatangazo byo mu gihe nyacyo nabyo biriho, bigatuma habaho igisubizo cyihuse ku gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose giteye inkeke, nko kwinjira mu mfunguzo bitabyemerewe cyangwa kugerageza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuziba.
3.1 Umutekano w'urufunguzo
Imfunguzo zibikwa mu kabati k'imfunguzo gakomeye k'icyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ubujura n'ibindi bikoresho by'umutekano, nubwo hari izindi nzego z'umutekano zangiritse. Ubu buryo bugomba kandi kubikwa ahantu hagati kugira ngo abapolisi ba gereza babashe kubona imfunguzo vuba.
3.2 Urutonde rw'ingenzi n'imibare
Koresha RFID key fobs kugira ngo ushyireho index no gusimbuza buri rufunguzo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo urufunguzo ruhore ruteguye neza.
3.3 Inshingano z'abakoresha bafite urwego rutandukanye rwo kugera ku bandi
Inshingano z'uburenganzira ziha abakoresha uburenganzira bwo gucunga inshingano uburenganzira bwo gucunga module za sisitemu no kugera kuri module zibujijwe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa rwose guhindura ubwoko bw'inshingano bukoreshwa cyane mu gukosora.
3.4 Kugabanya uburenganzira bwo kubona imfunguzo
Kugenzura kwinjira ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu gucunga imfunguzo, kandi kwinjira ku mfunguzo zitemewe ni ingenzi cyane. "Ni nde ushobora kwinjira ku mfunguzo, n'igihe" bigomba guhindurwa. Umuyobozi afite ubushobozi bwo kwemerera abakoresha imfunguzo ku giti cyabo, kandi ashobora kugenzura burundu "ni nde ufite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira ku mfunguzo". Igikorwa cy'umukwabu w'imfunguzo gishobora kugabanya igihe cyo kwinjira ku mfunguzo. Urufunguzo rufatika rugomba gukoreshwa no kugaruzwa mu gihe cyagenwe. Igihe kirenze, ubutumwa bw'intabaza buzahita butangwa.
3.5 Ibintu byabayeho, impamvu cyangwa ibisobanuro
Mu gihe ukoresha urufunguzo rw'umutekano, umukoresha asabwa gutanga ibikubiyemo birimo inyandiko zagenwe mbere y'uko akuraho urufunguzo. Dukurikije ibisabwa na politiki, kugira ngo abantu batarubonye, bagomba gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye, harimo impamvu cyangwa intego yo kurubona.
3.6 Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumenya
Sisitemu yo gucunga ingenzi yateguwe neza igomba kugira ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumenya amakuru nka biometrics/retinal scanning/face recognition, nibindi (irinde PIN niba bishoboka)
3.7 Kwemeza ibintu byinshi
Mbere yo kwinjira mu rufunguzo urwo arirwo rwose muri sisitemu, buri mukoresha ku giti cye agomba guhura n'ibibazo by'umutekano byibuze bibiri. Indangamuntu ya biometric, PIN cyangwa ikarita y'indangamuntu kugira ngo umenye ibyangombwa by'umukoresha ntibihagije ukwabyo.
Uburyo bwo kwemeza amakuru mu buryo butandukanye (MFA) bufasha ibigo gukurikirana no gufasha mu kurinda amakuru n'imiyoboro yabyo igaragara mu bibazo bikomeye. Ingamba nziza zo kugenzura amakuru mu buryo butandukanye zigamije kuringaniza ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha no kongera umutekano w'aho bakorera.
3.8 Raporo y'ingenzi
Sisitemu yo gufunga irashobora gufata no gukora raporo y'urufunguzo urwo arirwo rwose igaragaza itariki, isaha, nimero y'urufunguzo, izina ry'urufunguzo, aho igikoresho giherereye, impamvu yo kwinjira, n'umukono cyangwa umukono w'ikoranabuhanga. Sisitemu yo gucunga urufunguzo igomba kugira porogaramu yihariye ituma umukoresha ashobora gushyiraho izi raporo zose hamwe n'izindi nyinshi. Sisitemu ikomeye yo gutanga raporo izafasha cyane ibigo gukurikirana no kunoza inzira, kugenzura neza ko abashinzwe imfungwa n'abagororwa ari inyangamugayo kandi ko ingaruka mbi ku mutekano zigabanuka.
3.9 Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha
Ni ingirakamaro ku bakoresha bemewe kubona vuba imfunguzo cyangwa seti z'imfunguzo runaka. Iyo imfunguzo zifunguwe ako kanya, abakoresha bandikisha gusa ibyangombwa byabo maze sisitemu ikamenya niba basanzwe bafite imfunguzo runaka maze sisitemu igafungura kugira ngo ikoreshwe ako kanya. Gusubiza imfunguzo biroroshye kandi byihuse. Ibi bizigama umwanya, bigabanya imyitozo kandi birinda inzitizi z'ururimi.
4. Ingaruka z'ingenzi ku micungire y'umutekano w'imfungwa
Inyungu zo gukoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura imfunguzo z'ikoranabuhanga zirenze umutekano. Zoroshya imikorere kandi zigabanye umutwaro w'ubuyobozi binyuze mu gukora imikorere y'ingenzi y'ubuyobozi. Abakozi ba gereza bashobora kuzigama igihe cy'agaciro cyakoreshwaga mu bikorwa by'intoki no kugenera ibikoresho imirimo ikomeye. Byongeye kandi, izi sisitemu zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ikiguzi kijyanye n'imfunguzo zatakaye cyangwa zibwe, bigatuma habaho imikorere myiza mu bigo ngororamuco.
Gucunga neza imfunguzo ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga umutekano w'imfungwa. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu yo gucunga imfunguzo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, abayobozi ba gereza bashobora kwemeza ko abakozi bemewe ari bo bonyine bemerewe kugera mu bice runaka, bityo birinda ingaruka zishobora kugaragara ku mfungwa n'abakozi. Izi sisitemu zishobora gushyirwaho gahunda yo kubuza abantu bamwe na bamwe kwinjira mu byumba by'imbohe, bityo bikagabanya amahirwe yo kwinjira mu byumba by'imbohe, mu bigo by'ubuvuzi, cyangwa mu bice bifite umutekano ukomeye. Gukemura ibibazo by'umutekano mu buryo bwihuse binyuze mu gukurikirana ikoreshwa ry'imfunguzo bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhohoterwa no gutoroka mu nkuta za gereza.
Mu gusoza, guhuza sisitemu zo gucunga imfunguzo z'ikoranabuhanga mu bigo ngororamuco ni ngombwa cyane mu bijyanye n'umutekano muri iki gihe. Imiterere n'ibyiza by'izi sisitemu byongera umutekano muri rusange wa gereza, bigabanya umutwaro w'ubuyobozi kandi icy'ingenzi ni ukurinda ubuzima bw'imfungwa. Mu guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura imfunguzo, sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga zituma buri gikorwa cyose cy'imfunguzo gikurikiranwa, cyemewe kandi kigafatwa neza, bigatuma gereza irushaho kugira umutekano kandi irangwa n'urutonde. Ishoramari muri ubu buryo bugezweho rishimangira ubwitange mu kubungabunga umutekano n'imibereho myiza y'imfungwa n'abakozi mu bigo ngororamuco.
Itegeko ryiza abashinzwe gereza bagomba kwibuka ni iri rikurikira: Guma ufite imfunguzo zawe—igihe cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2023