RFID ni iki?

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) nuburyo bwitumanaho ryitumanaho rihuza ikoreshwa rya electromagnetic cyangwa electrostatike ihuza mugice cya radiyo yumurongo wa electronique kugirango umenye ikintu, inyamaswa, cyangwa umuntu.RFID ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu. .

Bikora gute?

Sisitemu ya RFID igizwe ahanini nibice bitatu byingenzi: tagi ya elegitoronike, antene nabasomyi.

Ibirango bya elegitoroniki: izwi kandi nka transponders, iherereye mubintu byamenyekanye, ni itwara amakuru muri sisitemu ya RFID, ibika amakuru yihariye yo kumenya.

Antenna: Yifashishijwe mu kohereza ibimenyetso bya radiyo, guhuza umusomyi na tagi, kumenya kohereza amakuru adafite insinga.

Umusomyi: Byakoreshejwe mugusoma amakuru murirango no kohereza muri sisitemu yo gutunganya amakuru kugirango irusheho gutunganywa.

 

Inzira yo gukora ya tekinoroji ya RFID irakurikira:

Igikorwa cyo kumenyekanisha: Iyo ikintu gifite tagi ya elegitoronike cyinjiye mubiranga abasomyi, umusomyi atanga ikimenyetso cya radio kugirango akoreshe tagi ya elegitoroniki.

‌Data ihererekanyabubasha: Nyuma ya tagi ya elegitoronike yakiriye ibimenyetso, yohereza amakuru yabitswe asubira kubasomyi binyuze muri antenne.

Gutunganya amakuru: Nyuma yuko umusomyi yakiriye amakuru, arayitunganya binyuze muri software yo hagati, hanyuma akohereza amakuru yatunganijwe kuri mudasobwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amakuru

 

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa sisitemu ya RFID?

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) rishobora gushyirwa mubice byinshi, cyane cyane uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, inshuro zakazi, uburyo bwitumanaho nubwoko bwa chip. ‌‌‌

Kwemeza uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi:

Sisitemu ikora: Ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu ifite amashanyarazi yubatswe kandi irashobora kumenyekana kure. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubintu bisaba gusoma intera ndende.

Sisitemu ya passiyo: Kwishingikiriza kumashanyarazi ya electromagnetiki yoherejwe numusomyi kugirango abone ingufu, birakwiriye kumenyekana intera ndende kandi bifite igiciro gito.

Sisitemu ikora cyane: Guhuza ibiranga sisitemu ikora kandi itajegajega, tagi zimwe zifite umubare muto wububiko bwamashanyarazi kugirango wongere ubuzima bwakazi cyangwa wongere imbaraga zikimenyetso.

‌Gushyira mubikorwa ukoresheje inshuro nyinshi:

Sisitemu yo hasi (LF) sisitemu: Gukorera mumurongo muke muto, bikwiranye no kumenyekanisha hafi, kugiciro gito, bikwiranye no gukurikirana inyamaswa, nibindi.

‌Ibihe byinshi (HF) sisitemu‌: Gukorera mumurongo mwinshi, bikwiranye no kumenya intera ndende, akenshi bikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.

Sisitemu ya Ultra-high frequency (UHF) sisitemu: Gukora mumurongo wa ultra-high frequency band, ikwiranye no kumenya intera ndende, akenshi ikoreshwa mubikoresho no gucunga amasoko.

Sisitemu ya Microwave (uW): Gukora mumatsinda ya microwave, ikwiranye no kumenya intera ndende-ndende, akenshi ikoreshwa mugukusanya imisoro, nibindi.

Kwemeza uburyo bwitumanaho‌:

Sisitemu ya Half-duplex: Impande zombi mu itumanaho zirashobora kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso mu buryo butandukanye, bikwiranye na sisitemu yo gukoresha hamwe namakuru mato mato.

Sisitemu yuzuye-duplex sisitemu: Impande zombi mu itumanaho zirashobora kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso icyarimwe, bikwiranye nibisabwa bisaba kohereza amakuru yihuse.

Gutondekanya by tag chip:

Soma-gusa (R / O) tag‌: Amakuru yabitswe arashobora gusomwa gusa, ntabwo yanditse.

‌Soma-wandike (R / W) tag‌: Amakuru arashobora gusomwa no kwandikwa, bikwiranye nibintu bisaba kuvugurura amakuru kenshi.

Ikirangantego (kwandika inshuro imwe): Amakuru ntashobora guhinduka nyuma yo kwandikwa, abereye ibintu bisaba umutekano mwinshi.

Muri make, gutondekanya ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rishingiye ku bipimo bitandukanye n'ibisabwa, bikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi kuva uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi kugeza uburyo bwo gutumanaho kugirango bikemure ibintu bitandukanye bikoreshwa.

RFID Porogaramu n'imanza

RFID yatangiriye mu 1940; ariko, yakoreshejwe cyane muri za 1970. Kumwanya muremure, igiciro kinini cyibiranga abasomyi babujije gukoresha ibicuruzwa byinshi. Mugihe ibiciro byibyuma byagabanutse, kwakirwa na RFID nabyo byariyongereye.

Bimwe mubikoreshwa mubisanzwe bya RFID birimo:

 

Gucunga ububiko

Gucunga ububiko nigice cyingenzi cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ya RFID. Ikirangantego cya elegitoroniki ya RFID kirashobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyo gucunga amakuru yimizigo mububiko, bigatuma ibigo byunvikana aho bibitse nububiko bwibicuruzwa mugihe gikwiye. Iri koranabuhanga rifite uruhare runini mu kuzamura ububiko bwububiko no kuyobora umusaruro. Ibihangange byo kugurisha ku isi nka Walmart na Metro yo mu Budage bifashishije ikoranabuhanga rya RFID kugira ngo bagere ku bicuruzwa, kurwanya ubujura, kubara igihe nyacyo no kugenzura ibicuruzwa birangira, bityo bikazamura cyane imikorere y’ibikoresho.

Kurwanya impimbano no gukurikiranwa

Kurwanya impimbano no gukurikiranwa ningirakamaro zikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya RFID mubice byinshi. Buri gicuruzwa gifite ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya RFID byihariye, byandika amakuru yose yerekeye ibicuruzwa kuva uwabikoze isoko kugeza aho bigurisha. Iyo aya makuru asikanye, ibisobanuro birambuye byamateka yibicuruzwa. Ubu buryo bukwiriye cyane cyane kurwanya impimbano yibintu bifite agaciro nkitabi, inzoga, n’imiti, ndetse no kurwanya impimbano. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, ukuri kw'ibicuruzwa birashobora kwemezwa kandi inkomoko yabyo irashobora gukurikiranwa, bigaha abaguzi n'ibigo icyizere cyinshi no gukorera mu mucyo.

Ubuvuzi bwubwenge

Mubuvuzi bwubwenge, tekinoroji ya RFID itanga uburyo bunoze kandi bwuzuye bwo kubika amakuru no kugenzura uburyo bwo gukurikirana ubuvuzi. Mu ishami ryihutirwa, kubera umubare munini w’abarwayi, uburyo gakondo bwo kwandikisha intoki ntibukora neza kandi bukunze kwibeshya. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, buri murwayi ahabwa ikirango cya RFID, kandi abakozi b’ubuvuzi bakeneye gusa gusikana kugira ngo babone amakuru y’abarwayi vuba, barebe ko imirimo yihutirwa ikorwa mu buryo bunoze kandi birinda impanuka z’ubuvuzi ziterwa no kwinjiza amakuru atari yo. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya RFID ikoreshwa no kumenyekanisha mu buryo bwikora no gukurikirana ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi n’ibiyobyabwenge, bikarushaho kunoza imicungire y’ubuvuzi n’umutekano.

Kugenzura no kwitabira

Kugenzura no kwitabira ni ngombwa byingenzi bya tekinoroji ya RFID mu micungire y'abakozi. Ikarita yo kugenzura no gukoresha ikarita imwe ikoreshwa cyane mu bigo, mu nganda n’ahandi, kandi imirimo myinshi nko kwemeza indangamuntu, kwishyura no gucunga umutekano bigerwaho hifashishijwe ikarita imwe. Sisitemu ntabwo yoroshya gusa uburyo bwo kwinjira no gusohoka no kunoza imikorere, ariko inatanga umutekano muke. Iyo umuntu yambaye ikarita yumurongo wa radio ipakiye mubunini bwindangamuntu kandi hari umusomyi kumuryango no gusohoka, umwirondoro wumuntu urashobora guhita umenyekana mugihe winjiye kandi usohotse, kandi hazatangizwa impuruza kubera kwinjira muburyo butemewe n'amategeko . Ahantu urwego rwumutekano ruri hejuru, ubundi buryo bwo kumenyekanisha burashobora kandi guhuzwa, nkibikumwe byintoki, imikindo cyangwa ibimenyetso byo mumaso bibitswe mumakarita yumurongo wa radio.

Gucunga neza umutungo

Imicungire yumutungo utimukanwa nigikorwa cyingenzi cyikoranabuhanga rya RFID mubijyanye no gucunga umutungo. Abacunga umutungo barashobora gukora neza kubara umutungo mugukomeza cyangwa gutunganya ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki ya RFID kumitungo. Byongeye kandi, ukoresheje sisitemu yo gucunga umutungo wa RFID, abayobozi barashobora gucunga kimwe umutungo utimukanwa, harimo gushiraho amakuru yibutsa amakuru yo kugenzura no gusiba. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu nayo ishyigikira ibyemezo byo kugura umutungo hamwe n’imicungire y’ibikoreshwa, bitezimbere cyane imikorere yimikorere nukuri.

Gucunga isomero ryubwenge

Gucunga amasomero yubwenge nibikorwa byingenzi byikoranabuhanga rya RFID murwego rwibitabo. Mugushira ibirango bya RFID mubitabo, amasomero arashobora kugera kubintu byikora byinguzanyo kuguriza, kugaruka, gucunga ibarura no gucunga ubujura. Ubu buryo ntabwo bwirinda gusa kurambirwa kubarura intoki no kunoza imikorere yubuyobozi, ariko kandi butuma abasomyi barangiza kuguza ibitabo no kugaruka mubikorwa byoroshye, bitezimbere cyane uburambe bwabakoresha. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya RFID irashobora kandi kwakira byoroshye amakuru yibitabo, kuburyo bidakenewe kwimura ibitabo mugihe cyo gutondekanya ibitabo, bityo kunoza imikorere no kugabanya amakosa yakazi.

Gucunga neza ubwenge

Gucunga neza ubwenge nibikorwa byingenzi byikoranabuhanga rya RFID mubucuruzi. Muguhuza ibirango bya RFID kubicuruzwa, inganda zicuruza zirashobora kugera kumicungire myiza no kugenzura ibicuruzwa, bityo bikazamura imikorere nuburambe bwabakiriya. Kurugero, ububiko bwimyenda burashobora gukoresha ibirango bya RFID kugirango byorohereze abakiriya kwishyura mbere, birinda guta akazi nibiciro. Byongeye kandi, amaduka arashobora kandi gukurikirana ibicuruzwa mugihe nyacyo, gukora neza no gukurikirana no guhindura imikorere ashingiye kumibare yagurishijwe, kandi akamenya imibare yamakuru yagurishijwe mugihe nyacyo, kuzuza no kurwanya ubujura bwibicuruzwa.

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ingingo ya elegitoronike

Sisitemu yo kugenzura ingingo ya elegitoronike (EAS) ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango ibicuruzwa byibwe. Sisitemu ishingiye cyane cyane kuri tekinoroji yo kumenya radiyo (RFID). Ikarita ya radiyo yumurongo mubisanzwe ifite ubushobozi bwa 1-bit yo kwibuka, ni ukuvuga leta ebyiri kuri cyangwa kuzimya. Iyo ikarita yumurongo wa radio ikora kandi ikegera scaneri mugusohoka mububiko, sisitemu izabimenya kandi itere impuruza. Kurinda impuruza zitari zo, mugihe ibicuruzwa byaguzwe, umugurisha azakoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe cyangwa imirima ya magneti kugirango ahagarike ikarita yumurongo wa radio cyangwa asenye ibiranga amashanyarazi. Mubyongeyeho, hari tekinoroji nyinshi kuri sisitemu ya EAS, harimo microwave, magnetique, magnetisme acoustic na radio inshuro.

Gukurikirana amatungo n'amatungo

Gukurikirana amatungo n'amatungo nimwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubuhanga bwa RFID. Benshi mubafite amatungo bakoresha ibirango bya RFID kugirango bakurikirane amatungo yabo kugirango barebe ko batazimira cyangwa bibwe. Utumenyetso dushobora kwomekwa kumatungo cyangwa ibindi bikoresho kugirango ba nyirubwite bashobore kumenya aho itungo riherereye umwanya uwariwo wose binyuze mumusomyi wa RFID.

Ubwikorezi bwubwenge

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite porogaramu zitandukanye mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu neza. Irashobora kumenya kwemeza no gukurikirana ibinyabiziga, bityo bikazamura umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwimodoka. Kurugero, binyuze mumatumanaho magufi yihariye hagati yikimenyetso cya elegitoroniki yindege yashyizwe kumadirishya yikinyabiziga na antenne ya radiyo yumurongo wa sitasiyo yishyurwa, imodoka irashobora kwishyura amafaranga idahagarara iyo inyuze mumuhanda no kuri sitasiyo yishyuza ikiraro. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya RFID irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukusanya amakuru, amakarita ya bisi, kumenyekanisha parikingi, kwishyuza, gucunga tagisi, gucunga bisi, kumenyekanisha gari ya moshi, kugenzura ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere, kugenzura itike y’abagenzi no gukurikirana imizigo.

Imodoka

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite porogaramu nyinshi murwego rwimodoka, harimo gukora, kurwanya ubujura, guhagarara hamwe nurufunguzo rwimodoka. Mubikorwa byo gukora, tekinoroji ya RFID irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana no gucunga ibice byimodoka no kuzamura umusaruro. Ku bijyanye no kurwanya ubujura, ikoranabuhanga rya RFID ryinjijwe mu rufunguzo rw’imodoka, kandi umwirondoro w’urufunguzo ugenzurwa n’umusomyi / umwanditsi kugira ngo moteri yimodoka izatangira gusa igihe ikimenyetso runaka cyakiriwe. Byongeye kandi, RFID irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhagarika ibinyabiziga no gukurikirana kugirango tunoze neza kandi neza neza gahunda yimodoka. Izi porogaramu ntizitezimbere gusa umutekano no korohereza ibinyabiziga, ahubwo ziteza imbere udushya niterambere mu nganda z’imodoka.

Ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare / kwirwanaho

Gucunga igisirikare / kwirwanaho nikintu cyingenzi cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ya RFID. Mu bidukikije bya gisirikare, tekinoroji ya RFID ikoreshwa mu kumenya no gukurikirana ibikoresho n'abakozi bitandukanye, nk'amasasu, imbunda, ibikoresho, abakozi n'amakamyo. Iri koranabuhanga ritanga uburyo nyabwo, bwihuse, bwizewe kandi bugenzurwa muburyo bwa tekiniki bwo gucunga igisirikare / kwirwanaho, bigatuma hakurikiranwa igihe nyacyo imiti ikomeye ya gisirikare, imbunda, amasasu cyangwa imodoka za gisirikare.

Gucunga ibikoresho no gutanga amasoko

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite uruhare runini mu bikoresho no gucunga amasoko. Ikoresha ibirango bya RFID cyangwa chipi mu bwikorezi no mububiko bwububiko kugirango igere ku gihe nyacyo cyo gukurikirana ibintu, harimo amakuru nkahantu, ingano na status, bityo bigahindura ibikorwa bya logistique no kugabanya ibikorwa byintoki. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya RFID irashobora kandi guhita ikora ibarura ryo kubara no gukwirakwiza, kurushaho kunoza imikorere no gukorera mu mucyo. Iri koranabuhanga ntiritezimbere gusa imikorere nukuri kubicuruzwa bitangwa, ahubwo bigabanya ibiciro nibiciro byamakosa.

Gucunga ibicuruzwa

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite porogaramu zitandukanye mu bijyanye no gucunga ibicuruzwa bikodeshwa. Iyo ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike byinjijwe mubicuruzwa bikodeshwa, amakuru yibicuruzwa arashobora kwakirwa byoroshye, kuburyo bidakenewe kwimura ibintu bifatika mugihe cyo gutondeka cyangwa kubara ibicuruzwa, bitezimbere cyane imikorere yakazi kandi bigabanya amakosa yabantu. Iri koranabuhanga ntabwo ryoroshya gusa uburyo bwo gucunga ibarura, ahubwo ryongera ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, bitanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza kubucuruzi bukodeshwa.

Imicungire yindege

Imicungire yindege yindege nigice cyingenzi cya tekinoroji ya RFID. Inganda z’indege ku isi zishyura amadolari agera kuri miliyari 2.5 buri mwaka kubera imizigo yatakaye kandi yatinze. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, indege nyinshi zashyizeho uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha radiyo itagira umurongo (RFID) mu rwego rwo gushimangira gukurikirana, gukwirakwiza no kohereza imizigo, bityo bigateza imbere imicungire y’umutekano no kwirinda ko habaho amakosa. Ikirangantego cya elegitoroniki ya RFID irashobora kwinjizwa gusa mubirango byimizigo iriho, imashini zicapura hamwe nibikoresho byo gutondekanya imizigo kugirango uhite usikana imizigo kandi urebe ko abagenzi hamwe nimizigo yagenzuwe bagera aho berekeza mumutekano kandi mugihe.

Gukora

Ikoranabuhanga rya RFID rifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha mubikorwa byo gukora. Icya mbere, irashobora kugera ku gihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura amakuru y’umusaruro kugira ngo habeho gukorera mu mucyo no kugenzura imikorere y’umusaruro. Icya kabiri, tekinoroji ya RFID irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana ubuziranenge kugirango harebwe niba ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bugenzurwa mubikorwa byose byakozwe kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza kubicuruzwa byanyuma. Hanyuma, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya RFID, uburyo bwo gukora bwikora burashobora kugerwaho, ibyo ntibitezimbere gusa umusaruro, ahubwo binagabanya cyane amahirwe yamakosa yabantu. Izi porogaramu zituma tekinoroji ya RFID ikorana buhanga mu bijyanye n’inganda.